0 to confuse and very much surprise someone, so that they are unable to explain or deal with a situation:
An elderly man from Hull has confounded doctors by recovering after he was officially declared dead.
The singer confounded her critics with a remarkable follow-up album.
1 to confuse someone by being difficult to explain or deal with:
She likes to confound others’ expectations about her.
However, these studies have not been of sufficient size to account adequately for the role of confounding factors.
These controls address the potential confound of verbal intelligence, which is plausibly related to measures of linguistic awareness and to reading.
So again the issue of perception is confounded with the issue of recognition response.
Post-operatively, one has to deal with differing anaesthetic, surgical and analgesic techniques and post-operative courses, all of which would confound the data.
Moreover, collection of soil samples during a time when seeds are dormant eliminates confounding effects of germination flushes following collection and exposure of soil.
However, it is unlikely that these differences confounded our results since they were adjusted for throughout in the analyses.
Failure to consider confounding variables such as age.
Samples from animals 5 months old were not used, to avoid confounding with maternal antibodies.
