Voorbeelden van confound

• However, these studies have not been of sufficient size to account adequately for the role of confounding factors.

• These controls address the potential confound of verbal intelligence, which is plausibly related to measures of linguistic awareness and to reading.

• So again the issue of perception is confounded with the issue of recognition response.

• Post-operatively, one has to deal with differing anaesthetic, surgical and analgesic techniques and post-operative courses, all of which would confound the data.

• Moreover, collection of soil samples during a time when seeds are dormant eliminates confounding effects of germination flushes following collection and exposure of soil.

• However, it is unlikely that these differences confounded our results since they were adjusted for throughout in the analyses.

• Failure to consider confounding variables such as age.

• Samples from animals 5 months old were not used, to avoid confounding with maternal antibodies.

• A final potential confounding factor in the present study was overall severity of illness in manic versus depressed patients.

• Patients were also required to have at least 3 months remaining on the waiting list for therapy so that outcomes were not confounded.

• Furthermore, comparison of participants and the eligible population show that sample attrition is an unlikely source of confounding in this investigation.

• However, despite detailed assessment, older people and their multiple illnesses are destined to continue to display a remarkable capacity to confound expectations and conformity.

• Although the demographic transformation is the most conspicuous phenomenon, other important socio-demographic changes confound the problems.

• This confounds a static view of design: evolution in the language of design is the inevitable result of creative expression.

• To control for confounding a multivariate analysis was performed by the use of logistic regression.