0 officially having the named position:
1 to be necessary for someone:
2 the person who has or had a particular official position:
3 (referring to the present time) a person who has a particular office or position, esp. an elected one:
4 necessary:
[ + to infinitive ] It is incumbent upon (= necessary for) all of us to create a safe community.
5 a person or business that holds a particular position in a company, market, industry, etc. at the present time:
The incumbent has been awarded the airline's new advertising contract, despite stiff competition from other agencies.
6 the person who holds a particular elected position at the present time:
Three new mayoral candidates intend to challenge the incumbent.
7 holding a particular position in a company, industry, etc. at the present time:
the incumbent management/director/supplier
8 holding a particular elected position at the present time:
9 someone has a duty or responsibility to do something:
"I think it is incumbent on us to provide a good environment for business," he said.
To control for this possibility, the data were quartiled on the basis of the incumbent party's support in the previous election.
In this situation it was equally possible that other interested parties might want to strengthen the international reputation of the incumbent government.
In this situation, voters face a standard inference problem of predicting the unobservable type (whether competent or not) of the incumbent from the observable policy.
To see this, consider an incumbent who is running for an election.
Our goal is not to question the importance of short-term economic performance judgements for voting for or against the incumbent in 1996.
In settings where responsibility for policy making is most clear, incumbent politicians are held accountable for macroeconomic performances.
When teachers in training are relying on researchers, it is incumbent that they be provided with clear explanations.
Recall that the logic behind this result is that retrospective, incumbency-oriented voters will punish incumbents for poor economic performances.
中文繁体
現任的, 在職的, 現任者,在職者…
More中文简体
现任的, 在职的, 现任者,在职者…
MorePortuguês
em exercício, titular…
MorePolski
osoba sprawująca urząd, (obecnie) urzędujący…
MoreTürk dili
makam sahibi, görevli, memur…
Moreрусский язык
лицо, занимающее должность, занимающий пост…
More