0 someone who has an official job, especially a political one -- makam sahibi, görevli, memur, (siyasi) sorumlu, görevlendirilmiş olan
the previous incumbent
1 to be someone's duty or responsibility to do something -- sorumluluğu olmak, görevi olan, üzerine düşen
2 holding an official job, especially a political one -- ...ın/in üzerine düşen; zorunlu
the incumbent president
To control for this possibility, the data were quartiled on the basis of the incumbent party's support in the previous election.
In this situation it was equally possible that other interested parties might want to strengthen the international reputation of the incumbent government.
In this situation, voters face a standard inference problem of predicting the unobservable type (whether competent or not) of the incumbent from the observable policy.
To see this, consider an incumbent who is running for an election.
Our goal is not to question the importance of short-term economic performance judgements for voting for or against the incumbent in 1996.
In settings where responsibility for policy making is most clear, incumbent politicians are held accountable for macroeconomic performances.
When teachers in training are relying on researchers, it is incumbent that they be provided with clear explanations.
Recall that the logic behind this result is that retrospective, incumbency-oriented voters will punish incumbents for poor economic performances.
