0 the period during which someone has a particular official position:
During her incumbency (as commissioner), several changes were introduced.
Recall that the logic behind this result is that retrospective, incumbency-oriented voters will punish incumbents for poor economic performances.
Though their estimates are not reported here, the model includes an intercept and an incumbency indicator.
At the same time, the effect of incumbency on moderation remains strong.
Like the effect of state partisan composition, the effect of incumbency has varied since 1920.
I have only explored the most notable sources of variation in the national tide: incumbency and candidate spending.
Had he done so, his incumbency advantages and great popularity would have assured him re-election.
Once the incumbent has identified those members of the selectorate with the highest affinity for her, she finds satisfying the incumbency criterion relatively easy.
Similarly, although there is evidence for an incumbency effect,44 it is possible to control for this approximately using notional 1979 results.
