0 based on what is experienced or seen rather than on theory -- 以經驗（或實驗）爲依據的；經驗主義的；來自經驗（或觀察）的
The theory of pollution havens is straightforward; however, empirical evidence for their existence is mixed.
However, the unpacking and empirical testing of this notion is by no means straightforward, and remains as an important issue for further research.
Here we discuss a number of problematic theoretical and empirical issues related to his claims.
So we would argue that modelling by region is superior to modelling by rounds, both on theoretical grounds and as regards the empirical evidence.
Unfortunately, in most cases empirical testing has lagged the theoretical development of this class of models,1 including in the area of international relations.
Many theoretical and empirical papers provide support for the inclusion of some unemployment persistence in a macroeconomic model.
There are many other theoretical and empirical papers that examine future market margin policy.
However, there are good theoretical and empirical reasons to believe that the linearity property of the equilibrium correction is too restrictive.
