However, ceiling effects make it impossible to distinguish performance on palato-alveolar and dental stops - both were identified with almost 100 % accuracy.
With respect to the variation across sounds, the alveolar fricative (/s-z/) was voiced on practically all occasions (99%), followed closely by the palato-alveolar (/1-^/).
Subjects differed mainly in the degree of voicing they exhibited with the labiodental fricative and the palato-alveolar affricate. 10.
A simple solution in the latter case is that the unrounded palato-alveolar fricative is an allophone of \s\ before palatal and palato-alveolar phonemes.
Later, the palato-alveolar fricative x changed into the velar fricative, while ch stay unchanged.
The series is much more common than the /s/ series; both are described as palato-alveolar.
Toda also has a four-way sibilant distinction, with one alveolar, one palato-alveolar, and two retroflex (apical postalveolar and subapical palatal).
It is generally only within sibilants that a palato-alveolar articulation is distinguished.
