Exempel på mutation

• Of course, it is possible that more complex patterns of gene regulation in eukaryotes might predispose them to synergistic effects between mutations.

• Mutations that lead out of the valley onto a new fitness peak are, of course, beneficial mutations.

• In the present study we made additional mutations.

• The molecular characterization of the mutations suggests a low frequency of false positives.

• Heritable changes- called" mutations" - occur if the genetic message is changed.

• Any divergence in genotypes or phenotypes is due to the recent generation and fixation of new mutations in these two separately maintained lines.

• All data related to mutations are presented with reference to these sequences.

• Two control samples were included in each experiment to normalize for mutations induced by transfection or superinfection processes.

• Importantly, mutations in individual coiled-coil proteins lead to specific developmental or even behavioral phenotypes.

• In a coding region, we intuitively expect to see mutations that make conservative amino acid substitutions; in particular, we expect an abundance of synonymous mutations.

• Such replacement mutations are determined to be positively selected.

• In more detailed analyses, several groups tested individual codons for replacement mutations that are, as an aggregate, overabundant.

• Causative mutations were not found in two of the eight patients.

• We did not detect any mutations or polymorphisms in any of the patients or controls.

• No mutations or polymorphisms were detected, but our primer pairs and reaction conditions may prove useful for future mutational analyses.