The studies reviewed in this chapter point to a consistent minority of language learners who find language learning an uncomfortable and unsettling experience.
On each trial, the correctness and latency of the learner's verbal response were assessed.
Table 2 gives the average performance of the foreign learners in both word categorization tasks.
However, both constructs had an interesting characteristic in common: students with higher levels of anxiety tended to have low self-concepts as language learners.
The study was conducted on two groups of learners: 53 college students and 56 high school students.
Whatever effect structural similarity exerts on learning, it does not change with the age of the learner.
Language learners use their heads to figure out the same things, and their understanding of language is driven by this lexical knowledge.
For the most part, these learners took a pragmatic view of notation, viewing it as useful but not crucial.
