Voorbeelden van predation

• An additive effect is when predation by two predators is equal to the sum of prey removed by each individual predator alone.

• Rare observations of important events such as birth, predation, innovation, and teaching can be vitally important in directing research toward potentially important areas.

• They suggested that the degree of bruchid predation was positively related to seed crop size (3).

• Parasite-induced alterations in both appearance and behaviour concur to render infected gammarids more vulnerable to predation, thus promoting parasite transmission.

• Timing and degree of synchrony in fruit maturation and dispersal were not important sources of variation in predation levels among trees.

• We also compared predation across three microhabitats of different heights (ground, 1- 1.5 m and > 3 m).

• These areas may also be refugia from predation by leopard seals, which we found living primarily in near-shore habitats.

• Pupae at the three sites were placed between two layers of hardware cloth (1 cm mesh) to protect against mice and bird predation.

• The attraction of both predators to the leaves containing pollen may be the reason for the lower levels of predation on the plants containing pollen.

• This clearly reduces the strategic motives for cross-subsidization by eliminating traditional predation.

• Under natural conditions, changes in behaviour regardless of their cause may predispose the paratenic host to predation.

• A key issue in models of predation is the ability of firms to commit to particular time paths for output or prices.

• We report the first quantified assessment of the potential error caused by scavenging in post-mortem measurements of predation in a slug- carabid system.

• Ideally, natural populations should be monitored to find out if they are negatively affected by increased predation.

• What are the implications of bird predation on arthropods for cocoa crops?