Examples of ion

• The plume density is about 7.7 10 20 ions 0m 3.

• Analytical description of rippling effect and ion acceleration in plasma produced by a short laser pulse.

• Entry and exit of ions into the simulation region can be represented as a first-order process.

• Here, cos represents the radial dispacement of the passing ion.

• The maximum position of the bremsstrahlung radiation cross-section gets closer to the target ion with increasing nonideal-plasma parameter.

• In this process, the energy absorbed by the electrons during the interaction with the laser pulse is converted into both radiation and ion kinetic energy.

• Characteristics of ion emission from plasma produced by high-energy short-wavelength (438 nm) laser radiation.

• In order to define a radius for the ion one needs a constant value for the radius of the water.