0 to cause people to doubt someone's character, qualities, or reputation by criticizing them -- 抨击；质疑
Are you impugning my competence as a professional designer? 你是在质疑我作为专业设计师的能力吗？
Its most essential element remains a sort of formal rationality which no contingent truths of psychology could impugn.
We shall first impugn their central claim that pure negative-liberty theories have to allow that a person's preferences in themselves can be determinants of her own freedom.
If we do not wish to impugn the unique identity of each monozygotic twin, it is hard to base a convincing argument against cloning on this concept.
Even when it seems clear that others with opposing beliefs are epistemically well-off, the exclusivist may still be rightly convinced that this does not impugn the reality of her perceptions.
Equally, candidates will have incentives to undermine the claims to virtue of their rivals, provided their own virtue is not also thereby impugned.
This in no way impugns the quality of the contributions, all of which have been written with care and attention to detail.
I certainly do not wish to impugn any other unworthy motives.
Therein may lie the phonograph record's most profound justification, which cannot be impugned by any aesthetic objection to its reification.
