0 the fact of grammatical patterns being ergative -- 通格性；作格现象
Ergativity occurs in only a small number of the language families of North America. 作格现象只出现在北美的少数语系中。
The term ergativity is used to describe a grammatical pattern in which the subject of an intransitive clause is treated in the same way as the object of a transitive clause. 通格性这一术语用来描述一种语法现象，即不及物分句的主语可以用作及物分句的宾语。
However, ergativity in its most clearly defined instances is primarily about transitive and intransitive verbs.
How old is ergativity in ' old ergative languages '?
Ergativity: argument structure and grammatical relations.
One of the notable feature of the language is its syntactic ergativity.
An interpretation of split ergativity.
In summary, there is no necessary correlation between ergativity/ accusativity and whether the transitivity of a verb is fixed or more fluid.
Little is known about how languages gain or lose different kinds of syntactic pivots, marking syntactic ergativity or accusativity.
During the 1980s many important papers were published on ergativity in a wide geographical spread of languages, many of them framed in terms of the parameters in my 1979 paper.
