This gradient, established and maintained by the surface buoyancy flux through the process of turbulent convection, is what draws fluid in from the external reservoir.
The definition of convection velocity used for the present work is precisely the same as that used in the previous plane boundary-layer experiments.
The system reaches a near steady-state convection pattern.
In that case the basic patterns are traveling pulses which arise in the convection of binary fluids.
A phase-locked flow-visualization technique was adopted for determining the convection velocities of the two types of vortices during the pairing event.
One obvious method to suppress higher-dimensional behaviour in convection in rectangular containers is t o use narrow convection cells.
Vigorous compositional convection from the growth of the basal crystals can also be seen.
This article describes experimental work on the mixed convection regime with flow normal to electrically heated cylinders.
