In this case, disruptions in the social environment may precede and mediate the expression of genetic influence on disruptive behavior.
In years 1 and 2, maltreated children were characterized as more disruptive in their social interactions as rated by peers and counselors.
Thus, boys who were highly disruptive and aggressive increased more rapidly on internalizing problems than those who lacked these characteristics.
Specifically, disruptive behaviors peak at around age 2 years and then steadily decline whereas anxiety, withdrawal, and dysphoria gradually increase.
We conclude that disruptive behavior problems were approximately the same for all clinical groups.
At all ages, girls were rated as less disruptive than boys.
The conflictual and coercive peer interactions that accompany such rejection may also aggravate disruptive children's use of aggression.
Disruptive verbal and physical behaviours specific to each person served as treatment targets.
