0 the study of numbers, shapes, and space using reason and usually a special system of symbols and rules for organizing them -- 數學
Maths programming started with the study of optimisation problems with linear constraints.
The authors make no apologies; the material is designed for those with a good grounding in maths and physics rather than chemistry and biology.
Models of models, such as computers that sedulously crank the maths, constitute the same formal models in a different medium.
I did not follow the maths, but the biology made interesting sense to me.
Several universities are looking at its products for physics and maths courses.
I found the problem-based approach very helpful in understanding the concepts and it kept the pur pose of substantial amounts of matrix-based maths clear.
In my experience many students thrive on discursive science, but shy away from the maths.
I'm not sure that researchers in maths or science would ever ask teachers whether those subjects have value or not!
