0 a body part or cell that reacts to a stimulus in a particular way, or a cell or substance in the body that produces an effect -- 效應器，效應物（生物中對刺激作出反應的身體部分、細胞或物質）
This exchangeable end effector permits the robot to perform more complex duties.
Which components of the signalling and apoptotic pathways are the critical effectors?
We say that this approach is effector-based because it makes effector knowledge explicit, and separates it from the rest of the planning knowledge.
The gap between end effector and non-rigid product is to some extent self-regulating and imposes local rigidity which is useful during manipulation.
By targeting the cell survival machinery at multiple points, lithium regulates a wide variety of pathways and effectors.
This analysis shows that the new parallel wrist can reach singular configurations (translation singularities) in which the spherical constraint between end effector and frame fails.
