0 a layer of rock, soil, or similar material that is below another layer: --
1 something important from which something else develops, but that is not immediately obvious: --
Direct influence of the substratum languages is the second type of explanation.
The substratum reduplication is subject to the normative circumscription by the properties of the superstratum reduplication.
Soil samples were mixed with a sterile substratum of vermiculite and peat (2:1) until a depth of 1 cm was reached.
In this case, what we find in the affidavit is a combination of a superstratum-induced and subsequent substratum-induced change.
First, outside of contact situations, there is no substratum with which universal tendencies might converge.
The dark patches visible in the images are the polystyrene substratum.
A few trypanosomes adapt to in vitro conditions by attaching to the substratum or to cells growing from the explant.
The lower boundary of the array is designated the "substratum" on which certain cells can attach.
