0 a reproductive cell produced by some plants and simple organisms such as ferns and mushrooms --
1 a cell produced by plants without seeds and by some other organisms and that is able to grow into a new plant or organism --
This pathogen was not observed in the host population for several (generally dry) periods implying survival outside the host, perhaps as resting spores.
To obtain spores of this parasite, we took one naturally infected female and kept her in good food condition until she died from the infection.
In the presence of appropriate nutrients, spores respond rapidly by germination and outgrowth, resuming vegetative growth.
Concentration of bacterial particles (including both vegetative cells and spores) was determined microscopically using counting chambers.
For example, in normal circumstances, only haploids begin growth by germinating from a spore.
One of the spores carries a mutant allele with a structure showing that a duplication in one chromatid had been transferred to a homologous chromatid.
Measurements of the spore size of fresh material of both species gave no differences.
This gave rise to a suspension of 6 million spores per 20 ml.
