Thirteen species occurred in only one plot (9 in the riparian zone and 4 in the uplands).
A competing doctrine to riparian rights, the doctrine of "first appropriation" or "first in claim, first in right," meant exactly what it said.
Our data do not indicate that understorey herbs recognize a sharp limit of the riparian zone.
Most individuals (6195) and species (61 of 75) were recorded within the riparian zone, of which 29 species did not occur elsewhere.
Individual transects were distributed in space within each site sampling across several uplands in deciduous forest, while in riparian forest transects were across different streams.
Allowing water to be traded in an irrigation system with de facto riparian rights can increase the efficiency of water use.
However, if the riparian game can be embedded in a larger game, then trade-offs may exist which enable greater cooperation.
Riparian rights were in a state of contestation in the 1820s and 30s as well as past that time.
