0 having a flat or level surface that continues in all directions: --
a planar parallelogram
As both contours expand from the electrodes, they flatten and are essentially planar far from the electrodes.
The very fine, 'pine-tree ' structure of the dendritic crystals evolved into angular crystals with planar surfaces.
The application of this composite control demonstrates the feasibility of such a controller, applied to a planar parallel manipulator with lightweight linkages.
As we are restricting our attention to the planar problem, the position and momentum vectors will all be two-dimensional vectors.
These include direct measurements of the effect beam-smoothing techniques have on laser beam nonuniformity and on both planar and spherical targets.
Second, the transverse distribution of laser intensity and light pressure over a focus of finite size leads to crater formation, destroying the planar target geometry.
The simulation will now be extended to a spatial manipulator to see whether the system performance resembles to that of the planar manipulator.
Two assumed modes are used to model the planar elbow arm.
