0 laws controlling where people can live, work, and travel inside a country, used especially in the past under the system of apartheid (= racial separation) in South Africa: --
He compares the proposal to introduce ID cards with South Africa's infamous pass laws under apartheid.
It was under Botha's leadership that the South African state abolished the pass laws which restricted the movement of Africans in the country.
In the 1950s pass laws were extended to African women as well as men.
