It was indeed the solitary householders who suffered most often from unemployment, low income, ill-health and other deleterious circumstances.
As noted above, in 1881 householders were asked to record whether they had retired from business.
A total of 1170 householders out of 2878 living in the area, were randomly selected and included in this study.
What the householder expelled as waste returned as dangerous gases.
By encouraging householders to take a participatory role in the process of waste removal, these guides helped to demystify modern sewerage.
First, each person is classified as a householder or not.
All householders were provided with dates of each monthly inspection and alternative dates to ensure that all premises were inspected each month.
As might be expected, aggregate mortgage debt is positively correlated with the proportion of householders who have mortgages (correlation = 0.78).
