0 the scientific study of how information is communicated in machines and electronic devices, comparing this with how information is communicated in the brain and nervous system --
1 the scientific study of how information is communicated in machines and pieces of electronic equipment in comparison with how information is communicated in the brain and nervous system: --
The paper deals with the ways in which cybernetics can be made use of in industry, particularly where the development, design, and even construction of computer systems is involved.
We proposed the notions of functional system and return afferentation eleven years before the advent of cybernetics.
True, cybernetics was informed by wartime research projects and embodied some elements of military thinking, patterns of encoded communication, and principles of command and control.
In the 1960s, a single field, cybernetics, was populated by information theorists, computer scientists, and neuroscientists, all studying common problems.
The logical circularity inherent in this premise of cybernetics was not lost on keen observers.
They are said to be based on the theory of cybernetics.
Cybernetics was thus depicted as a pseudoscientific theory, a false philosophy, and an alien ideology at the same time.
Note, however, that circular causality and information were already key concepts of the cybernetics of the 1940s.
In cybernetics, a machine is defined as a system capable of accomplishing actions that lead to a certain goal.
