0 the situation in which someone important gives jobs to friends rather than to independent people who have the necessary skills and experience --
Such land redistribution as did occur was widely seen as marred by cronyism, corruption, and incompetence.
Cooperation avoidance, fragmentation, partitioning, by-passing, misunderstanding, discretionary intervention, lack of co-operation, cronyism, are, just to mention a few, current practices.
As mentioned earlier, it was a question of cronyism/nepotism versus utilitarianism/meritocracy.
It is therefore clear that corporate reform is at the core of the programme for the elimination of corruption, pervasive cronyism, and rent seeking.
But the anti-baladiyya petitioners' charges of corruption, cronyism, and factionalism were probably the chief factors in the government's decision to dismantle the municipalities.
Even in the absence of cronyism, however, it may not be assumed that schools founded by great leaders will continue to thrive.
The process of selection and promotion of researchers and professors at both university and public research centers is flawed by cronyism and nepotism.
But municipal control opens the door to cronyism and parochialism, as it did before.
