0 agriculture (= farming) that involves growing and caring for trees: --
These Javanese communities have practised agroforestry in the forests since the tenth century.
For agroforestry projects to compete in carbon markets, their sequestration cost needs to be lower than the market price of carbon.
The next section, on functional aspects, deals largely with exploitation of the spatial diversity which agroforestry systems offer.
This is a useful contribution to the biology of cocoa with wider implications for tropical conservation and agroforestry.
By incorporating trees into crop fields in various spatial arrangements, all simultaneous agroforestry systems contribute to reduction of soil erosion.
Easy propagation methods and management options for promising soil replenishment tree species are important and urgent needs in agroforestry development.
By implication, it is also hypothesized that agroforestry systems perform the above functions better than sole cropping systems of annual agricultural crops.
It is described as a manual for research in agroforestry with emphasis on the effects of trees on soil and soil fertility.
The chapters are mostly divided into: firstly, the relevance to agroforestry practices, followed by a section on methods.
