Parasitized amphipods were generally found lower in the water column than control amphipods (fig. 2).
On the shelf, the oceanic species were absent: the dominant fish in the water column was antarcticum.
The most important ecological features in differentiating tadpole species were position in the water column, time of occurrence and water depth.
Floating or motile ones in the water column have a greater chance of being incorporated into the ice, if water from below fills openings.
These activities could contaminate the water body and disturb the water column, microbial communities, and sediments.
The unexpanded egg has a density significantly greater than that of water and sinks rapidly to the bottom of a water column.
Autochthonous carbonates can rapidly precipitate out of the water column in shallow, hard-water tropical lakes, thus diluting pollen present in the lake sediment.
Although not age diagnostic, it demonstrates either stratification within the water column or dysoxia/anoxia within the top layer of sediments.
