Oral modification occurs continuously in speech and song by movement of the lips, jaw, tongue and velum to produce open, fricative and stopped sounds.
The cross-sectional area of the tube is determined by the placement of the lips, jaw, tongue and velum.
They argued that "velarized" is an inappropriate term, since a velarized sound should show significant raising of the tongue dorsum towards the velum.
The reduced duration of stop closure might make velum lowering more liable to interfere with the production of a voiceless stop burst.
There is a short ventral velum.
Beddor et al. speculate that the directional asymmetry is tied to the greater magnitude and duration of velum lowering in syllable codas.
Krakow (1989) found, similarly, that velum lowering is earlier relative to the oral closure gesture in word-final nasals than in word-initial nasals.
A large number of signatures are appended to the petition, which is inscribed upon velum and edged in blue ribbon.
