0 the system of thought that states that the best action or decision in a particular situation is the one that brings most advantages to the most people
First, egalitarians might measure inequality in ways that permit losses to the badly off that would be ruled out by utilitarianism and prioritarianism.
But as an answer to the question of how utilitarianism is insensitive to distribution, although this answer is not false, it is useless.
But if utilitarianism suffers from presupposition failure, it is more or less meaningless.
Utilitarianism continues to vex its critics even in the absence of generally respected arguments in its favour.
In effect, the policy of minimizing unmet needs might be taken to be a version of negative utilitarianism, which recommends minimizing pain and suffering.
Utilitarianism and intuitionism qualify as methods of ethics, therefore, because one can understand either as a rational procedure that produces this sort of cognition.
Parfit (1991) says that the priority view departs from utilitarianism in exactly one way: it claims that benefiting the worse off matters more.
Secondly, if we accept some additional axioms, then the only value function that satisfies them is critical-level utilitarianism.