0 used to describe a product, service, or financial arrangement on which no taxes have to be paid:
1 not considered as part of your income when you calculate your taxes:
2 used to describe a product, service, or financial arrangement on which no tax is paid:
3 used to describe an organization that does not have to pay tax:
4 the condition of being tax-exempt:
Some people may suggest that the key difference lies in the fact that withholding tax-exempt status merely involves denying a benefit, not imposing a cost.
Also suppose that this prejudice was the reason for denying tax-exempt status to institutions that did not permit female ordination.
It would seem clear that the state ought to deny any such church tax-exempt status on the basis of its ministerial qualifications.
Such a church should still be denied tax-exempt status.
The transgression would derive not from the mere denial of tax-exempt status but from the reason for the denial.
What tax incentives exist encourage corporate philanthropy more than citizen initiatives, and unincorporated organizations are altogether ineligible for tax-exempt contributions.
Higher taxation on bonds than equities makes the former an attractive investment to tax-exempt investors such as pension funds.
For it seems that there are clear instances, albeit rare ones, in which a state is justified in denying tax-exempt status to churches on account of their ministerial qualifications.
