0 to not buy insurance against a particular risk:
Many of the uninsured are well-to-do young people who simply choose to self-insure, and many more are already eligible for public programs.
Savings are the only way to self-insure against the risks associated with uncertain lifetime and the earning shocks.
Decreasing risk aversion and greater ability to self-insure gives wealthy households less incentive to invest in a portfolio of crop varieties.
Like his high-income counterpart he faces a trade-off between maximizing versus insuring his retirement income, but he may have greater capacity to self-insure.
They also may reflect income smoothing and insurance through off-farm work activities, which decrease households' need to self-insure through crop diversification.
The households thus save to self-insure against labor earnings shocks and life-span risk, for retirement, and possibly to leave bequests to their children.
In the environment where future earnings are uncertain and insurance markets are incomplete, they accumulate wealth in order to self-insure against such uncertainty (the precautionary motive of savings).
The magazine followed the revelations with advice to its readers on how to limit disclosure of health information by their doctors' offices, insurance companies, and employers who self-insure (22,628).