0 used to describe company shares that do not allow their owners the right to vote at shareholder meetings:
1 used to describe a member of a company's board of directors who does not have the right to vote:
Generalized non-voting is significantly associated not only with age, but also (though not at conventional significance levels) social class.
The problem for these new behaviorist social scientists was not simply to understand non-voting, but to cure it.
This question involves two sub-questions: first, is compulsory voting an effective cure for non-voting, and, second, is non-voting a disease in need of a cure?
While it is hardly surprising that some measures of political cynicism are associated with non-voting, such factors clearly do not provide a complete explanation.
To be sure, statutory penalties for non-voting may encourage voter turnout in certain countries, at least to the extent they are enforced (a critical question).
Thus, and in line with the discussion above, the following analysis will consider whether non-voting in 1999 was associated with opposition to devolution.
If the researchers' purpose is to explain voting or non-voting behavior, it is important to distinguish subjective from objective factors and examine the influence of subjective factors.
The first is that the idea of voting as a trust seems to make non-voting the norm, or baseline, against which political rights and duties are to be judged.
