Exempel på willow

• Generalist predators, such as spiders, ants and ladybirds, occurred on the willows but were never observed attacking the eggs.

• In the present study, there were several willow stands with relatively low densities of both heteropteran predators and leaf beetles.

• With extensive willow beds this method of control presents some difficulty, since only part of the crop could be handled in the period suggested.

• The maximum difference between observed and predicted survival in willow stands was 0.053, indicating a reasonably good model fit.

• A courtyard opens out, with a willow tree, and a bonsai pine.

• Forest willows are surrounded by many trees and, thereby, many possible over-wintering sites.

• The predator was more abundant on farmland willows and is probably the main reason for the difference in egg survival between the two habitats.

• The moss was burnt off the willow stocks and in some cases the heat discoloured and even damaged the bark of the stocks.

• Infestation was also reduced by burning waste hay over the rows of willow stocks during the dormant season.

• In each of the 20 willow stands, four cages containing two males and two females were placed on randomly selected willow branches.

• All willows were growing on relatively wet soils, indicating similarities in humidity.

• The survival of eggs exposed to natural enemies was examined to see if predation could explain the low abundance of leaf beetles on farmland willows.

• In that scenario, the de facto default becomes folk music, where we endlessly 'strip the willow' in a world the economy never reaches.

• Bottom-up and top-down forces in a willow leaf beetle system average number of individuals per 35-cm parts of plants containing leaves.

• The ornithological fauna of high relict willows found in intermontane depressions is highly distinctive.