Exempel på snail

• In resistant snails, haemocytes infiltrate the tissues surrounding young sporocysts and form multi-layered cellular encapsulations that result in larval destruction within 24-48 hours.

• Therefore, we only excluded juvenile snails from the analysis to lessen the effects of the dynamics or local heterogeneity of host population on parasite prevalence.

• The encystation of metacercariae in primary infected snails without the release of cercariae into the environment may also be an artefact of the experimental procedure.

• The collected snails were then identified by species using an identification key [16].

• Trematodes, however, not only modify their immediate habitat (snails), they also can affect the positioning of that habitat in an ecosystem.

• We then focus on flukes and snails, highlighting important biological traits with regard to population structure.

• They collected 18 uninfected snails, 162 with single infections (5 species), 134 with double infections (11 combinations), and 65 with triple infections (5 combinations).

• Of snails examined, 12n57 % carried multiple-species infections, usually involving core species.

• Potentiation of zinc stress caused by parasitic infections of snails.

• Only 8.0% of the snails with shell length 15 mm were infected, in contrast to 98.0% of the snails with shell length > 26 mm.

• Overall, 51n04 % of snails were infected (range across 9 sites l 8n7-100 %) with 1 or more species.

• In most habitats, infections were recorded in both cattle and snails.

• Each replicate line was maintained in large (51i31 cm) tanks containing 60 snails of matched compatibility selection status, with no intervention on mating strategy incorporated.

• However, these have not been fully applied for the detection of infections in snails under field conditions.

• Ecological factors in schistosome transmission, and an environmentally benign method for controlling snails in a recreational lake with a record of schistosome dermatitis.