Exempel på polyp

• Once adenomatous polyps are detected, the person exits the model.

• When test results were positive, a follow-up colonoscopy was assumed regardless of the polyp size.

• Her past medical history included hypercholesterolaemia, hypothyroidism (partial thyroidectomy), and surgery for a benign ovarian tumor and uterine polyps some 38 years ago.

• This study particularly addressed this issue, using a disease model that captured the uncertainty associated with polyp dwell time.

• The length of time in surveillance and the frequency of tests depended upon the size and type of polyp (38).

• As demonstrated by sensitivity analyses, the dynamics of polyp-cancer transition have significant effect upon the magnitude of the cost:effectiveness ratios.

• At-risk relatives exit the model when adenomatous polyps are identified.

• Persons who were found to have polyps underwent transition to a surveillance group after polyps were removed.

• For adenomatous and hyperplastic polyps, initial probabilities were estimated to be 25% and 5%, respectively (34;38).

• Early detection of polyps and cancer can also reduce eventual treatment costs.

• The assumption made for polyp dwell time critically affected the attractiveness of alternative screening strategies.

• The effectiveness of screening average-risk persons is derived from early detection of cancer and removal of polyps, lowering the incidence of cancer and cancer-related deaths.

• Measures of test sensitivity, which varied by polyp size, and test specificity determined the success or failure of screening tests.

• For small polyps, only one-tenth of those probabilities was used (38).

• This study significantly extended earlier work in terms of the assumptions regarding polyp dwell time and post-polypectomy surveillance.