Exempel på pleurae

• Thorax with markings similar to those in the dark form, but the pleurae generally paler.

• The pleural cavity also contains pleural fluid, which allows the pleurae to slide effortlessly against each other during ventilation.

• The back thorax (or opistothorax) consists of about 10 progressively smaller segments with insignificant pleurae.

• Each segment consists of the central axial ring and the outer pleurae, which protected the limbs and gills.

• The pleurae are two thin membranes, one cell layer thick, which surrounds the lungs.

• During inspiration of air, the diaphragm contracts and the lungs expand drawn by pleurae through surface tension and negative pressure.

• Neighbouring pleurae are displaced because of the large pleurae of the 3rd segment.

• Its major characteristics are a large forward-reaching glabella, pointed pleurae or pleurae with very short spines, and a medium pygidium with well-impressed furrows.

• The thorax and pygidium are very regularly divided into up to 23 rather narrow segments, without a furrow within each of the pleurae.

• The side lobes of the thorax (or pleurae, singular pleura) have rounded ends.

• The pleurae are clearly wider than the axis.

• The thorax axis is moderately convex and sharply defined, while the areas lateral of the axis (or pleurae) are nearly flat with distinct grooves.

• Extrapleural pneumonectomy is a more extensive operation that involves resection of the parietal and visceral pleurae, underlying lung, ipsilateral diaphragm, and ipsilateral pericardium.

• The pleurae are sometimes abbreviated or extended to form long spines.

• The areas left and right of the axis, called pleura (or in plural pleurae) are without furrows.