Exempel på markup

• This is so because a lower markup reduces the desire of the policymaker to inflate the economy and to boost demand.

• Figure 3 shows that the optimal volatility of inflation decreases when the elasticity of demand increases (the markup decreases).

• In contrast, producers attempt to protect their profit markup during recessions, as evidenced by the larger output price inflation relative to nominal wage inflation.

• A text containing semantic markup is effectively a parallel text between human language and semantic structures.

• Its concrete syntax is simple and it looks familiar to anyone used to markup languages.

• Thus, this markup significantly narrows the field of possible answer phrases for when questions.

• The first is the need for a standard format (a 'markup language') for encoding models in a robust, parsible, electronic form.

• A specific markup language needs to define the structure of the data by imposing constraints on the valid use of selected elements and attributes.

• For easier readability, we have chosen not to use the overlining/underling markup for tuples.

• We can see that, in general, all variables except government spending and net exports are countercyclical with respect to markups.

• This implies that the author/programmer must deal at the same time with both the underlying text markup system and the programming language.

• This paper presents a two-country dynamic general equilibrium model with imperfect competition and nominal price rigidities in which productivity shocks coexist with markup shocks.

• The present formulation thus considers separately the elasticity effect and investigates its importance for countercyclical markups in isolation.

• The model economy without subsistence absorption exhibits no movements in markups.

• The reduction in industrial profit markup is likely to become less pronounced as the nominal wage becomes more downwardly flexible.