Exempel på ionize

• For example, pre-adaptation to cold may protect against subsequent exposure to ionizing radiation (positive acclimation), but may increase vulnerability to hypoxia (negative acclimation).

• Ultrasonography offers excellent spatial resolution, portability, and lack of ionizing radiation and the need for transport.

• The high-density pellet core is surrounded by a hot, fully ionized low-density corona.

• The electronic stopping is due to the free electrons as the plasma target is considered fully ionized.

• Detailed studies on highly ionized atomic species in different plasma conditions can therefore be per formed simultaneously under controlled conditions.

• Generation of ultrashor t light pulses by a rapidly ionizing thin foil.

• As the electrons propagate inside the target, they ionize the material, which becomes opaque to the probe.

• In the high temperature limit, the equation of state has the asymptotic behavior of ideal fully ionized plasma consisting of electrons and nuclei.

• Of great importance to many applied problems is the case of high-temperature, partially ionized gas mixtures (plasma mixtures).

• However, most of the laboratory dusty magnetoplasmas are partially ionized and the effect of dust-neutral collisions cannot be ignored.

• We also note that, even if the plasma is weakly ionized, the dominant types of collisions are those between charged particles.

• The cluster is ionized by the laser field and internal collisions and then star ts to expand.

• We consider a weakly ionized dusty plasma composed of electrons, singly charged ions, negatively charged dust grains and neutrals.

• For a weakly ionized magnetized plasma, the induced field increases with both temperature and ambient magnetic field.

• The vapors produced are subsequently ionized and heated via inverse bremsstrahlung, reaching a plasma temperature much higher than that of the target.