Exempel på disequilibrium

• For each set of parameter values (population size, selection heterogeneity, and initial linkage disequilibrium), 50 simulations are run.

• It can be further noted that the approximation which ignores linkage disequilibrium does not do too badly.

• Much of the sheer quantity of these expressions can be understood in terms of a basic contrast between equilibrium and disequilibrium.

• The basic idea of markerassisted selection is to detect and exploit linkage disequilibrium between mutations that cause genetic variations and presumably neutral molecular markers.

• Linkage disequilibrium between two segregating nucleotide sites under steady flux of mutations in a finite population.

• The features result from initial growth of the quartz grain, partial resorption (dissolution) during a period of disequilibrium, then further growth to form the mantle.

• Here, in most subsamples, the linkage disequilibrium becomes non-significant when applying this procedure.

• This occurs because non-random mating can maintain only a small amount of linkage disequilibrium between unlinked loci for the male character and female mating preference.

• But the same principles outlined here can be employed to carry out proper linkage disequilibrium mapping with dominant markers.

• Moreover, they can also be useful in mapping genes, designing breeding programmes, detecting population structure, and studying linkage disequilibrium.

• The answers might include an atmosphere with signs of chemical disequilibrium and active, internally driven cycling of volatile elements between the surface, atmosphere and interior.

• Furthermore, a linkage disequilibrium between alleles at the independent loci examined in our study, was observed.

• Our analysis of linkage disequilibrium between mapped marker loci shows that significant associations between markers are correlated with tight linkage.

• Linkage disequilibrium between some inversions and genetically distant allozyme loci (or characters associated with fitness) suggested that these associations may be selectively maintained.

• Most of the genes are in linkage disequilibrium and are therefore inherited as a combined block or a haplotype.