Exempel på defecated

• On the other hand, they did not provide any direct evidence that seeds defecated by grit-using birds are intact and viable.

• The seeds of at least six species were ingested whole and defecated intact.

• Faecal samples were obtained from animals that defecated upon handling, and were stored in jars of 10% formalin.

• Regurgitated seeds that were deposited within trees were more likely to end up in sites suitable for establishment than defecated seeds.

• The estimated percentage of defecated seeds varied between species, ranging from 10 to 23%.

• The vast majority (85.4% or 159 out of 186) of seeds defecated by spider monkeys were deposited >100 m away from parental feeding patches.

• Each treatment was replicated four times for each species, using 25 seeds (intact fruits, cleaned seeds, defecated seeds) for each replication.

• Thus, a significantly higher proportion of regurgitated seeds germinated than defecated seeds.

• Regurgitated seeds were also more frequently found singly or in small groups than defecated seeds.

• The number of seeds that were found deposited in a group also differed depending on whether seeds had been defecated or regurgitated.

• Seeds defecated by the latter species showed decreased viability, but the number of seeds tested was small.

• Whether the seeds had been defecated or regurgitated was recorded depending on the presence or absence, respectively, of urates and other faecal material.

• The first three species regurgitated seeds onto branches, whereas mousebirds defecated the seeds.

• Samples from the same individual that were defecated in a period of less than 3 min were grouped into a single sample for analysis.

• During this study period of the seed species (n = 47) defecated by howlers, 36% had a diameter 5-10 mm and 49% 10-15 mm.