Exempel på convection

• This gradient, established and maintained by the surface buoyancy flux through the process of turbulent convection, is what draws fluid in from the external reservoir.

• The definition of convection velocity used for the present work is precisely the same as that used in the previous plane boundary-layer experiments.

• The system reaches a near steady-state convection pattern.

• In that case the basic patterns are traveling pulses which arise in the convection of binary fluids.

• A phase-locked flow-visualization technique was adopted for determining the convection velocities of the two types of vortices during the pairing event.

• One obvious method to suppress higher-dimensional behaviour in convection in rectangular containers is t o use narrow convection cells.

• Vigorous compositional convection from the growth of the basal crystals can also be seen.

• This article describes experimental work on the mixed convection regime with flow normal to electrically heated cylinders.

• We describe experiments on convection in binary fluid mixtures in a large-aspectratio annular container.

• The large-scale motions transport by simple convection of fluid packets while there is smaller scale transport by gradient diffusion.

• For example, the observed trends for energy transport in a round free jet flow is by the large-scale convection motions.

• This minimizes convection of points that leads to uneven node point distributions and is a principal cause of numerical difficulties.

• Transient uplift is probably generated by temporal and spatial variations in mantle convection.

• The book is broad in scope, bringing in such aspects as the constraints of seismic topography, and mantle convection in other planetary bodies.

• The thicknesses of these boundary layers are of the same order because the relevant speeds of convection are the same for both.