Exempel på codon

• This analysis helped to locate the position of the translation start codon more precisely.

• Finally, all 38 isolates encoded isoleucine at codon 356.

• Thus, the third codon position was excluded from further analysis.

• Conversely, according to the selective model, recombination should improve the efficacy of selection against all non-optimal codons.

• Hence, there is no evidence that recombination increases the efficacy of selection against non-optimal codons.

• For these comparisons, analyses were effected on the alignment including all codon positions.

• Finally, the fragment including the putative initiation codon was obtained and sequenced.

• The second difficulty is the way to define the contribution of each codon to the fitness of a genome.

• The initial codon is indicated in bold capital letters and stop codons in bold lower-case letters.

• The remaining 25% are mainly third base substitutions in codons which are silent (synonymous nucleotide substitutions).

• Nucleotide substitutions were mainly transitions and most of them occurred at the third codon.

• Although the number of clones was limited caused by specimen availability, the analysed codon utilization did not have a strong bias.

• Therefore, major codons should be more beneficial (and therefore, fixed in the population) in highly expressed genes.

• In addition, the antigen of interest is often 'codon optimised' to improve expression levels.

• For a number of organisms, evidence suggests that biased codon usage reflects the action of selection to maximize translational efficiency and accuracy.