Exempel på achalasia

• Unlike achalasia, diffuse oesophageal spasm has no specific histological changes and again the underlying aetiology is unknown.

• The prevalence of clinically significant spasm is felt to be approximately similar to that of achalasia at around 1 per 100 000.

• If achalasia suspected an upper endoscopy is required to exclude a malignancy as a cause of the findings on barium swallow.

• Gastroenterologists who specialize in achalasia have performed many of these forceful balloon dilatations and achieve better results and fewer perforations.

• The most common form is primary achalasia, which has no known underlying cause.

• An author search at can be used to find studies on a surgeon's past experience with achalasia patients.

• Persons with achalasia lack nonadrenergic, noncholinergic, inhibitory ganglion cells, causing an imbalance in excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission.

• Achalasia is characterized by difficulty in swallowing, regurgitation, and sometimes chest pain.

• Thus, it seems there is an autoimmune context to achalasia, most likely caused by viral triggers.

• These include achalasia, diffuse esophageal spasm, nutcracker esophagus and hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter.

• Complications include gas bloat syndrome, dysphagia (trouble swallowing), dumping syndrome, excessive scarring, and rarely, achalasia.

• Achalasia refers to a failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax properly, and generally develops later in life.

• Specific tests for achalasia are barium swallow and esophageal manometry.

• It is considered the definitive treatment for achalasia.

• Achalasia is due to the loss of ganglion cells of the myenteric plexus.