0 the scientific study of how information is communicated in machines and electronic devices, comparing this with how information is communicated in the brain and nervous system
1 the scientific study of how information is communicated in machines and pieces of electronic equipment in comparison with how information is communicated in the brain and nervous system:
The paper deals with the ways in which cybernetics can be made use of in industry, particularly where the development, design, and even construction of computer systems is involved.
Developments in cybernetics should be openly debated with accountability to the public, especially for investment of public funds.
Most importantly, cybernetics was trumpeted as a universal science of government that would help to guide the social organization necessary for modernization.
These grassroots ventures and speculative forays of biologists into the terra incognita of cybernetics certainly conveyed a growing interest.
Ironically, while trying to show the limitations of man-machine metaphors, he himself borrowed the term feedback from the language of cybernetics.
This process has been discovered quasi-independently in many fields over the last century and has correspondingly many names, among them self-organisation, auto-poieisis and cybernetics.
Although information theory and cybernetics did not work in molecular biology on the technical level in the 1950s, it did survive on the discursive level.
What is most remarkable, however, is that the discursive practice of information theory and cybernetics did survive despite that cognitive failure.
In cybernetics, a machine is defined as a system capable of accomplishing actions that lead to a certain goal.
