By putting gears together, you can send the power from a waterwheel to a machine.
The first waterwheel we know about was in a flour mill in Byzantium, now Turkey.
Conventional designs at the time used the reciprocating motion to pump water into a reservoir and turn a waterwheel, or used other complex arrangements of gears and chains.
I would ask, then, why is not a waterwheel excluded?
They could also be hydraulically powered, with a turbine or waterwheel arrangement giving the mechanical force to turn the barrel and pump the bellows.
The waterwheel drove three pairs of millstones via two lineshafts, each driven by a 2 ft diameter cast iron gear.
The waterwheel had been replaced by a turbine which drove the millstones via a great spur wheel that was only 3ft3 in diameter.
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