0 not having enough work to do, or having a job that does not use all your skills
1 not having enough work to do, working only part time, or working in a job that does not use all your skills:
One would imagine them to be havens for the multitudes of unemployed and underemployed youths, many of them rural migrants.
However, the pastor attributes the problems of unemployed and underemployed church members, or those without the necessary immigration papers, to witches and evil forces.
The only group of people who were underemployed were those who were conscientious objectors to military service.
In the mainly arable areas, the pool of underemployed agricultural labourers, the potential 'social criminals', was far higher, although potential targets were scarcer.
The informal sector has always been a ' haven ' where the un\underemployed have been able to retreat in the absence of paid work elsewhere.
Meanwhile, the ranks of underemployed city dwellers continue to grow and seek alternative income sources through street vending.
This can be done by dividing the number of voluntarily underemployed by the working population minus the number of involuntarily underemployed.
Furthermore, the land frontier has long served as the employer of last resort for underemployed, unskilled labor.
