This is not to deny that people may have duties to vote, and to vote for public-spirited, rather than selfish reasons.
A range of motives can be expected to operate within the system, ranging from self-preservation/security to more benign and public-spirited ones.
Such a situation can therefore occur even if everyone has altruistic or public-spirited preferences.
That is, supporters suppose that the election of their candidate would be better for society, not just for themselves, and may well prefer their candidate for this public-spirited reason.
The conclusion follows not because each partisan is selfish, but because each partisan correctly reasons that her marginal impact on the outcome each prefers from a public-spirited standpoint is negligible.
We could select, if not the ablest and the most conscientious and public-spirited, at least those who are more able and more conscientious and more public-spirited than average.
People are not attracted to making deals by receiving compensation for sacrifices: they like to feel public-spirited, and take that sentiment to be a large part of their reward.
On the other hand, it also held out an alternative vision of an active, manly, and public-spirited citizenry, whose citizenship consisted both of political participation and civilian defence.
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