I see this in particular in connection with the development of automation and the greater use of hydraulics, electronics and pneumatics.
The main linear actuators of the pneumatic systems are cylinders.
The actuators are classified according to their energy sources: electrical, hydraulic and pneumatic.
The control software could harmonize both actions of pneumatic system and moving position of the robot, in different processes.
The present day humanoid robots are stiff-legged, have complex structures, and do not use energy restoring element like pneumatic hydraulic cylinders or mechanical springs.
The contact pressure between the drive wheels and the sphere is generated with pneumatic cylinders and regulated with solenoid valves.
Figure 12 shows the force output of the pneumatic cylinder during motion for a sinusoidal input.
Although the use of pneumatic power has been investigated,5 none have proven to be sufficiently successful to warrant further study.
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