A steel needle placed subcutaneously in the outer ear served as ground.
We know a lot about the early auditory processing from outer ear to hair cell.
The outer ear consists of the pinna and auditory canal, and the boundary between it and the middle ear is formed by the tympanic membrane, or eardrum.
We should not underestimate those health risks, which include stomach and abdominal disorders, skin, eye and respiratory tract complaints and outer ear infections.
This is a mild chronic inflammation of the external ear canal leading from the ear drum to the outer ear.
The tragus (a projection in the outer ear) is thick and blunt-tipped.
Unlike other forms of ear infections, "the pain of acute external otitis is worsened when the outer ear is touched or pulled gently".
Touching or moving the outer ear increases the pain, and this maneuvre on physical exam is important in establishing the clinical diagnosis.
