0 a calculation that tells you how far and in what direction an object would travel if it continued in the way it was going for one second
1 a calculation that tells how far and in what direction an object would travel if it continued in the way it was going for one second
Instantaneous velocity measurements were obtained across the pipe for this situation (run 13).
However, the instantaneous velocity vector can deviate significantly from the mean flow direction close to the surface.
The instantaneous velocity gradient is about 2 times larger than the maximum gradient observed in the undisturbed pipe flow.
Analysis of the data suggests the existence of a high-shear layer in the instantaneous velocity profile.
Reynolds decomposition by subtracting the long-time-averaged velocity field from the instantaneous velocity field is the traditional technique for decomposing turbulent velocity fields.
To do this properly requires much more detailed measurements of the instantaneous velocity fields than have been obtained so far.
Since its core coincides with that of the average vortex, the superimposed ensemble-average velocity field should best approximate its instantaneous velocity field.
The figure clearly shows a perturbation of the instantaneous velocity about the mean profile.
